General Principles for Designing a New Theme or Template for Your Blog

Theme or Template Related Configuration Principles
It should be admitted that when we create a new theme or template, we often think of its visual appearance. Notice how most blog software, from the ones you download and install on your own server to the online blogging services, give you a way to select a new theme based on thumbnail pictures of how it appears.

However, visual appeal is only one aspect of the process of configuring a new theme or template for your site. There are a number of other important things to look out for, when you create a new theme.

Navigation, Categories, Archives, Recent Posts and Breadcrumbs
The navigation system of a site, be it a traditionally-structured website or a blog, is always important. It is the means by which visitors to your site access the other articles. You'll be surprised how many blogs have a deficient navigational system that makes it hard for new and old visitors to find other articles on your site.

By navigation system, I don't just mean a link to your main page and "About" page. Those sorts of links are probably present in all the default themes in every blog script. Rather, I mean a way for your visitors to find other articles that you have written on, say, a particular topic. Or perhaps, if you have somehow made a fan of that visitor, a way for him/her to access your all your older articles.

Many blog systems have, by default, archive pages, where your articles are linked to according to month. While archive pages are not without its problems, they at least function as a sort of site map that you see in traditionally-structured websites.

If you have eliminated such archive pages, and perhaps even if you have not, I suggest you take a look at implementing "categories" or "tags" for your blog posts. This allows you to place every post that you make in a particular category. The blog or CMS software then automatically generates a new index for you for that category.

In your new theme or template, make sure that you link to these category pages somewhere. Put it on every page, perhaps in your side panel or something. Don't rely on the automatic links created by the blog software at the bottom of each post linking to the tag for that particular topic. Give your visitors the ability to reach every category from any page.

Some blogging software allow you to do this easily by putting a "tag cloud" on your side panel (WordPress springs to mind here). If you have that facility, use it. And then when you post, maintain the discipline of tagging all your posts, to put them into some meaningful category. If there is a particular ad-hoc post that doesn't belong to any category (because, for example, you traditionally don't post such topics), then put it in a "miscellaneous" catch-all category. But don't post everything into "miscellaneous", obviously, or else your tagging system becomes useless.

If you find tag clouds ugly, or you have too many tags to place into the side panel, another way to improve the usability of your blog is to create a master index page that links to all the category indices on your site, and link to that master index from every page.

A useful feature, usually provided by default in most (if not all) blog software, is the ability to list the recent posts to the blog in the side panel. Do not remove this feature when you redesign your theme. Recent posts are another navigational aid to your site, and it keeps interested visitors on your blog.

Another way to improve navigation in your blog is to leave breadcrumbs. Breadcrumbs are something like the "You are here" markers on the newer pages of thesitewizard.com and thefreecountry.com. They help your visitors navigate around your site. Blogging software typically have very poor support for breadcrumbs. However, don't break your back over implementing this if your software does not. Most (if not all) of the breadcrumb advantages disappear when you implement tagging or categories for your post. Tagging also tends to be more flexible, in that you can place a post into multiple categories, while traditionally designed breadcrumbs forces an article into only one category.

Search
Ideally, you should really implement a way for visitors to search your blog, the way many traditional websites do. However, I empathize with the webmasters who have disabled search on their site: searching blog posts adds to the server resource usage for your site, resulting in your blog hitting your web host's resource limits earlier than it might otherwise, particularly if your blog has many visitors.

I noticed a few blogs work around this by using an externally hosted search engine. I don't particularly fancy this approach, but I guess your preferences and needs will be different. In any case, my personal opinion is that blogs, like websites, should have some sort of search facility. If this is not possible, then try to make sure that your navigation structure is good enough to help visitors locate the articles they want.

Linking from the Teasers to the Main Article (Permalink)
If you are reading this, you are probably a seasoned blog reader and web surfer. When you read the teaser (usually the first paragraph or so) of an article on a blog's main page, and want to read the rest of the article, it's a simple matter for you to find the link (or permalink) to the main article. However, not everybody who reaches your site is going to be equally seasoned. What may seem obvious to you is not necessary so for the average user.

When you design the template for your main, archive and category pages, make sure that links to the real article can be clearly seen as links by the visitor. A "read more" link that is blue and underlined usually works well, since people are accustomed to recognizing those as clickable links. You may think that "it's obvious that the title of the article is clickable". But if your title is not blue and underlined, you'll be surprised to learn that it's not at all obvious to many people. Note that I'm not saying that your titles must be blue and underlined - it doesn't need to be. Add a link somewhere after the text of the teaser that leads obviously to your main article. Words (in blue and underlined) like "More..." or "Read the rest of this article..." usually do the trick. Those words are superior to even the word "permalink", which is meaningful only to a blogger.

Page Title
The page title of a blog post page should not be solely the name of the blog. I'm not talking about the main page of the blog itself, but the article pages which contain the individual post, what some people call the "permalink" page. Nor am I talking about the printed text that appears in the main window of the web browser. I'm referring to the HTML